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Acetaminophen

MCE China：Acetaminophen

Brand：MedChemExpress (MCE)

Cat. No.HY-66005

CAS：103-90-2

Synonyms：Paracetamol; 4-Acetamidophenol; 4'-Hydroxyacetanilide

Purity：99.98%

Storage：Store at room temperature 3 years *The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.

Shipping：Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Description：Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 25.8 μM; is a widely used antipyretic and analgesic agent.. Acetaminophen is a potent hepatic N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) inhibitor. Acetaminophen induces ferroptosis and leads to acute liver injury in mice model.

In Vitro：In vitro, acetaminophen elicites a 4.4-fold selectivity toward COX-2 inhibition (IC50 113.7 μM for COX-1; IC50 25.8 μM for COX-2). Following oral administration of the drug, maximal ex vivo inhibitions are 56% (COX-1) and 83% (COX-2). Acetaminophen plasma concentrations remaine above the in vitro IC50 for COX-2 for at least 5 h postadministration. Ex vivo IC50 values (COX-1: 105.2 μM; COX-2: 26.3 μM) of acetaminophen compared favorably with its in vitro IC50 values. In contrast to previous concepts, acetaminophen inhibited COX-2 by more than 80%, i.e., to a degree comparable to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and selective COX-2 inhibitors. However, a >95% COX-1 blockade relevant for suppression of platelet function is not achieved[1]. MTT assay shows that Acetaminophen (APAP) in a dose of 50 mM significantly (p[2].

In Vivo：Administering Acetaminophen (250 mg/kg, orally) to the mice causes significant (penzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT) compared with normal group. Conversely, effects of pretreatment with different doses of citral (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) exhibited a significant (p[3]. Acetaminophen (300 mg/kg, i.p., single dose) induces ferroptosis, by enhancing levels of Fe2+ and malondialdehyde (MDA), and decreasing levels of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and induces acut eliver injury in C57BL/6J mice model[5].

IC50 & Target：COX-2 25.8 μM (IC50) COX-1 113.7 μM (IC50)

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References：

[1]. Hinz, B, et al. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in man. FASEB J, 2008. 22(2): p. 383-90.  [Content Brief]

[2]. Miroslav Dinić, et al. Lactobacillus fermentum Postbiotic-induced Autophagy as Potential Approach for Treatment ofAcetaminophen Hepatotoxicity. Front Microbiol. 2017 Apr 6;8:594.  [Content Brief]

[3]. Uchida NS, et al. Hepatoprotective Effect of Citral on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Toxicity in Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:1796209.  [Content Brief]

[4]. Rothen JP, et al. Acetaminophen is an inhibitor of hepatic N-acetyltransferase 2 in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacogenetics. 1998 Dec;8(6):553-9.  [Content Brief]

[5]. An Y, et al., Abietic acid inhibits acetaminophen-induced liver injury by alleviating inflammation and ferroptosis through regulating Nrf2/HO-1 axis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 May;118:110029.  [Content Brief]