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TPEN

MCE China：TPEN

Brand：MedChemExpress (MCE)

Cat. No.HY-100202

CAS：16858-02-9

Synonyms：TPEDA

Purity：99.69%

Storage：Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year

Shipping：Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Description：TPEN (TPEDA) is a specific cell-permeable heavy metal chelator. TPEN has a higher affinity for Zn2+, but a lower affinity for Mg2+ and Ca2+. TPEN induces DNA damage and increases intracellular ROS production. TPEN also inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.

In Vitro：Heavy metal chelator TPEN attenuates fura-2 fluorescence changes induced by cadmium, mercury and methylmercury. TPEN, a cell-permeable chelator for heavy metal cations with a low affinity for Ca2+. In cells stimulated with 10 or 30 μM cadmium chloride, the addition of TPEN at 3 hr after exposure significantly decreases the elevated fura-2 fluorescence ratio to the basal levels within 10 min (119.6±2.4% or 109±1.5% decrease in ΔRatio (F340/F380) induced by 10 or 30 μM cadmium chloride, respectively), suggesting that a cadmium chloride-induced increase in the fura-2 fluorescence ratio is dependent on an increase in intracellular heavy metal cations but not intracellular Ca2+[1]. TPEN is a metal chelator, which targets colon cancer cells through redox cycling of copper. TPEN reduces cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. TPEN-induced cell death is also dependent on the redox cycling of copper since the copper chelator neocuproine inhibited DNA damage and reduced pChk1, γ-H2AX, and ATM protein expression. Cell death by low TPEN concentrations, involved ATM/ATR signaling in all 3 cell lines, since pre-incubation with specific inhibitors of ATM and DNA-PK led to the recovery of cells from TPEN-induced DNA damage[2].

Cell Assay：Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, are grown in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) mixed 1:1 with Ham’s F-12 nutrient mixture containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 unit/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. Two days before experimentation, cells are seeded at a density of 7×104 cells/cm2 in a 96-well plate. Cells in a 96-well plate are serum-starved for 4 hr; calcium indicator fura-2 is then loaded into the cells by using Calcium kit II fura-2. In brief, SH-SY5Ycells are incubated with 5 μM fura-2/AM in the presence of 0.04% Pluronic F-127, a dispersing agent to improve the efficiency of loading with fura-2, and 1.25 mM probenecid, a blocker of organic anion transport to prevent leakage of fura-2 from cells. After 1 hr incubation at 37°C, fura-2 fluorescence is measured at 500 nm emission after excitation at 340 nm (F340) or 380 nm (F380) using an Infinite M200 plate reader at 37°C.The change in [Ca2+]i is reflected by the ratio of F340 and F380. To determine the changes in fura-2 fluorescence ratio induced by heavy metal compounds, cells are treated with manganese chloride, lead acetate, cadmium chloride , mercuric chloride and MeHg chloride dissolved in distilled water. We confirmed that the cells adhered to the bottom of the plate after 6 hr exposure to heavy metal compounds. The cells are also treated with three Ca2+ channel blockers, lanthanum chloride dissolved in distilled water, verapamil and 2-APB dissolved in DMSO, 30 min before heavy metal exposure. The heavy metal chelator TPEN is dissolved in DMSO and added 3 hr after the stimulation with heavy metals to determine the contribution of endogenous and exogenous heavy metals on fura-2 fluorescence changes. We measured the effect of TPEN (20 μM) on the fura-2 fluorescence ratio after a 10 min treatment with TPEN, since our preliminary experiments showed that the effect of TPEN on fura-2 fluorescence reached maximum and stabilized within 10 min of the treatment[1].

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References：

[1]. Ohkubo M, et al. Heavy metal chelator TPEN attenuates fura-2 fluorescence changes induced by cadmium, mercury and methylmercury. J Vet Med Sci. 2016 Jun 1;78(5):761-7.  [Content Brief]

[2]. Rahal ON, et al. Chk1 and DNA-PK mediate TPEN-induced DNA damage in a ROS dependent manner in human colon cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther. 2016 Nov;17(11):1139-1148.  [Content Brief]

[3]. E Aizenman, et al. Induction of neuronal apoptosis by thiol oxidation: putative role of intracellular zinc release. J Neurochem. 2000 Nov;75(5):1878-88.  [Content Brief]