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  5. SPH Engineering - Echo Sounder

SPH Engineering - Echo Sounder

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An echo sounder is a device to measure the depth of water (or any liquid). An echo sounder sends out sound waves and measures how long it takes for the echo of the sound to come back. The speed of sound in the water is known so that the depth can be calculated. Echo sounders are crucial tools for environmental monitoring and mapping underwater terrain.

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SPH Engineering offers three standard configurations of the SBES systems, with single and dual-frequency echo sounders

There are multiple different types of devices utilizing echo sounding principle. Single-beam echo sounders (SBES), which may be single-frequency and dual-frequency; multi-beam echo sounders (MBES), scanning sonars, and side-scanning sonars. All these, except SBES, are usually bulky and heavy and not suitable for UAV deployment, at least without a kind of towed buoy. Additionally, the Echo Sounder sensor often incorporates advanced features such as temperature sensor and tilt sensor.

All sensors are manufactured by Korean company EofE Ultrasonics Ltd., specializing in survey-grade sonar products.

ECT 400S single-frequency echo sounder with an acoustic frequency of 450 kHz

It measures the distance till the first “obstacle” in the water - sediments, seaweeds, and even fish. Therefore, if the bottom of the survey area is covered with seaweed, this basic configuration may not work for such a case.

The measured depth will fluctuate erratically depending on what echo sounder received reflected sound - bottom or vegetation. That means that to get “clean” readings from EchoLogger ECT 400S the bottom should be without seaweeds, ensuring a precise depth measurement.

The benefit of EchoLogger ECT 400S is that it has a very short dead zone of 15cm - a minimum distance it can measure. That makes the system with ECT 400S suitable for very shallow surveys, starting from approximately 30cm deep.

ECT D24S dual-frequency echo sounder with an acoustic frequency of 450 and 200 kHz

Technically, a dual-frequency echo sounder is two devices with different acoustic frequencies, combined in one compact housing.

The higher frequency is 450 kHz, and it will give measurements till the first surface or obstacle. The lower frequency is 200 kHz, and sound with that frequency will pass through seaweeds/vegetation on the bottom, and the device will report clean readings of the bottom.

Note: the dead zone for 200 kHz is 0.5m, limiting the minimum practical survey depth for 
that device by approx 0.8m.

EchoLogger ECT D24S is a dual-frequency sounder with tilt and temperature sensor.