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20 applications found
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Respirometry solutions for the biofuels ...
ByChallenge Technology based in Springdale, ARKANSAS (USA)
Aquatic respiration can be simply yet accurately measured on intact, live organisms using a variety of Strathkelvin Instruments respirometry systems. As with all of our respirometry systems, an aquatic system would comprise of an oxygen meter (either 782 or 928), one or more, high precision, 1302 oxygen electrodes (link) and a respiration chamber to house the organism. The researcher also has a choice of measuring respiration rates via closed or flow-through ...
ByStrathkelvin Instruments Limited based in North Lanarkshire, UNITED KINGDOM
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Respirometry solutions for the bioremediation ...
ByChallenge Technology based in Springdale, ARKANSAS (USA)
Anoxic denitrification requires the presence of an organic substrate to serve as an electron donor. This case study shows how respirometry was used to determine the effect of C/N ratio on denitrification rates. ...
ByRespirometer Systems and Applications, LLC (RSA) based in Fayetteville, ARKANSAS (USA)
This example shows the results of respirometer tests in which three concentrations of cyanide were added to a aerobic test culture that received phenol as an organic substrate. The threshold toxic concentration of cyanide was 1 ...
ByRespirometer Systems and Applications, LLC (RSA) based in Fayetteville, ARKANSAS (USA)
The pattern of oxygen uptake– relative to that for a control substrate – gives a measure of the rate and extent of biodegradation of the organic constituents of the test sample. In this case, samples #2 and #3 showed a much lower biodegradation rate than the ...
ByRespirometer Systems and Applications, LLC (RSA) based in Fayetteville, ARKANSAS (USA)
This example shows the results of dosing an anaerobic culture with three concentrations of an industrial cleaning agent followed by respirometric measurement of methane production. The threshold toxic concentration was less than 80 mg/L of product and 600 mg/L produced a 50% decrease in methane production ...
ByRespirometer Systems and Applications, LLC (RSA) based in Fayetteville, ARKANSAS (USA)
This case study shows how respirometers can be used to measure the impact of an industrial wastewater on the nitrification reaction in a treatment plant. In this case, samples containing up to 60% wastewater by volume showed evidence of nitrification ...
ByRespirometer Systems and Applications, LLC (RSA) based in Fayetteville, ARKANSAS (USA)
Intrinsic kinetic tests involve adding relatively high concentrations of organic substrate to small concentrations of acclimated microorganisms so that the COD/VSS ratio typically is greater than 10. Kinetic parameters are then determined by non-linear modeling using well-known relationships between biological growth and oxygen ...
ByRespirometer Systems and Applications, LLC (RSA) based in Fayetteville, ARKANSAS (USA)
Anaerobic biodegradation tests – often referred to as Biochemical Methane Production (BMP) tests – involve addition of known amounts of a chemical or wastewater to anaerobic cultures. The quantity of methane production – relative to that from a control – indicates the biodegradation potential. This case study shows methane production for a Control reactor and three test reactors that were operated at 20-, 30- and 45-day retention times and received three doses of industrial wastewater. The ...
ByRespirometer Systems and Applications, LLC (RSA) based in Fayetteville, ARKANSAS (USA)
Pulse-Flow respirometers can be used to assess biomass activity for aerobic and anaerobic reactions. In aerobic tests, cultures are combined with nutrients, trace minerals, and an organic substrate – such as acetic acid or ethanol. The maximum oxygen uptake rate reflects the amount of active biomass in the test ...
ByRespirometer Systems and Applications, LLC (RSA) based in Fayetteville, ARKANSAS (USA)
Respiration rate of activated sludge has been recognised as a key controlling element in the modelling of process control, by the International Water Association Task Group. Actual respiration rate of the sludge in the aeration tanks, as well as the endogenous and maximum respiration rates are variables that indicate the rate of BOD removal and aeration requirements. The maximum respiration rate is also closely linked to the Critical Oxygen Concentration point, that is, the point at which diffusion over the ...
ByStrathkelvin Instruments Limited based in North Lanarkshire, UNITED KINGDOM
Respiration rate monitoring of Antwerp treatment works showed periods when the activated sludge was up to 40% inhibited, with resultant sludge washout episodes. Using the Health monitoring test, a pattern of ‘normal’ respiration rates for a plant can be determined. Lower respiration rates will alert the treatment works to a chronic toxicity problem, allowing corrective actions to be taken. Toxicity monitoring can now be carried out on a routine daily basis, at all treatment works receiving potentially toxic ...
ByStrathkelvin Instruments Limited based in North Lanarkshire, UNITED KINGDOM
If toxicity is identified in a mixed sewage entering a treatment works, the problem for the plant manager is to track and identify the source of the toxicity. This can be done by sampling the effluent stream at various points in its length. By working in a logical sequence back up the sewer network the number of samples can be minimised. This type of testing should be rigorously enforced for new product introduction by a waste producer, as well as sampling the effluents directly at source. The samples would be ...
ByStrathkelvin Instruments Limited based in North Lanarkshire, UNITED KINGDOM
In industrial manufacturing companies, before a new process comes on-line, it is important to measure the toxicity of the effluent stream. This is especially the case for companies who treat their own waste. From the toxicity value (EC50) obtained, it may be a cost-effective solution to simply discharge the effluent to the treatment works at a slow and defined rate to minimise damage to the activated sludge. Following a period of acclimatisation it is often possible to increase feed rates to the plant and this can ...
ByStrathkelvin Instruments Limited based in North Lanarkshire, UNITED KINGDOM
Water companies, water authorities or publicly-owned treatment works (POTW) need to have some knowledge of the composition of the wastes they it receive. In addition to testing for ammonia and BOD or COD levels, treatment works can license industrial discharges on the basis of concentrations of some of the known toxic compounds. However, it is recognised that very many non-regulated toxic materials still enter the treatment works and reduce the efficiency of biodegradation, and may cause toxic shock. The way is ...
ByStrathkelvin Instruments Limited based in North Lanarkshire, UNITED KINGDOM
If industrial wastewater entering a treatment works contains toxic components the rate of biodegradation will be inhibited or stop completely. This can result in failed consents and will certainly give rise to operational problems. Visible indications include deflocculation, bulking and the appearance of filamentous bacteria. Sometimes, there are no visible effects. When the sludge bacteria are inhibited, there is the possibility of toxicity carryover in the effluent that is discharged to receiving waters. With ...
ByStrathkelvin Instruments Limited based in North Lanarkshire, UNITED KINGDOM
Toxicity of pure chemicals is assessed using respirometers by adding increasing concentrations to an active culture. The concentration at which oxygen uptake or gas production begins to decrease is known as the “threshold toxicant ...
ByRespirometer Systems and Applications, LLC (RSA) based in Fayetteville, ARKANSAS (USA)
Biodegradation tests involve testing samples in response to various parameters: dilution, nutrient addition, pH, temperature, and others. The pattern of oxygen uptake in aerobic tests; nitrogen gas production in anoxic denitrification tests; methane production in methanogenic tests; hydrogen production during glycolysis; and carbon dioxide production during fermentation reactions gives a measure of the rate and extent of biodegradation of the organic constituents of the test ...
ByRespirometer Systems and Applications, LLC (RSA) based in Fayetteville, ARKANSAS (USA)
Respirometer based on gasometric method for wastewater analysis. In any biological wastewater treatment system, there is a need to define, assess and understand the plant’s performance with regard to the removal of certain contaminants and the response of bacterial activity to inhibitory compounds of interest. The execution of batch activity tests can be useful to study the biodegradability of a given wastewater stream, determine the stoichiometric and kinetic parameters involved in the conversion of a ...
ByBPC Instruments AB based in Lund, SWEDEN