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The combination of two well-known analytical techniques, electrochemistry and spectroscopy, gives rise to spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) – an established scientific methodology. This hybrid technology offers researchers the best of both worlds by being able to record both an optical and an electrochemical signal at the same time to obtain new data [1]. This article begins with a ...
ByB&W Tek
Genes are the basic units of inheritance, but they only come to life when they are translated into proteins. Proteins are the main participants in biological functions, involved in processes ranging from biochemical reactions and signal transduction to structural support. The proteome is the collection of all proteins present in biological fluids, cells, and tissues, and it reflects the ...
Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), also known as laser light scattering, is a technique used to measure the size of small particles (such as proteins, nanoparticles, polymers, or lipid vesicles) in a solution or suspension.DLS is based on analyzing the fluctuations in the scattered light intensity of particles in a solution over time. When a laser beam is shone on a sample, the particles in the ...
Introduction of Portable Dissolved Oxygens Detector: Dissolved oxygens analyzer is based on electrochemical principles. That is, on two different metal electrodes in the measured electrolyte solution containing oxygen. Oxidation-reduction reaction will occur, and the resulting diffusion current has a certain relationship with the oxygen concentration in the solution. It is an instrument for ...
Differences between gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel Gasoline is a fuel made from crude oil and other petroleum-based liquids, containing carbon numbers generally between 4 and 12, and exhibiting boiling points of up to 120 °C. Gasoline is primarily used as a fuel for vehicles. Petroleum refineries and blending facilities produce motor gasoline for sale at gas (or petrol) stations. Most of the ...
Typically, XRF analysers come with one of two types of detector: proportional counters or semiconductor-based detectors. Of the semiconductor devices, the silicon drift detector – or SDD – is generally considered the best. If your instrument has a proportional counter, you may be really happy with your analyser’s performance; for certain applications the prop counter is just ...
Mercury monitoring requires high standards of quality from a measuring technology. In this article we will introduce you to the Gasmet Continuous Mercury Monitoring (CMM) System based on the Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence (CVAF) measurement principle. It is an extremely selective monitoring system that has the highest possible sensitivity for Mercury. Read more to find out what this involves. ...
Over the past decade, European Union (EU) Member States were required to regularly compile and report official estimates of their projected (future) emissions for the year 2010 under two complementary pieces of legislation: for greenhouse gases (GHGs), the Monitoring Mechanism Decision (MMD), i.e. Decision No 280/2004/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 ...
In this paper, energy and exergy analyses of atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 nano–film has been conducted. First, based on the first law of thermodynamics, the energy flow in ALD of Al2O3 nano–film preparation system is analysed. Second, the exergy flow in the system is analysed based on the second law of thermodynamics. Two different kinds of exergy efficiencies are introduced, including ...
Chromatotec® has developed in its Research & Development laboratories, a new instrument for hydrocarbon (C1-C6+) measurements and calorific values as well as WOBBE index computation. This analyzer is based on chromatography principle using a Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD). The sample will be separated into the column and quantified by the detector. A difference of thermal ...
POLLUTION S.r.l. manufactures POLARIS FID analyzer, a cutting-edge technology for the measurement of total hydrocarbons in ambient air and stack emission monitoring in accordance with EN 13526 and EN 12619. This analyser is based on Flame Ionization Detection (FID), a reference method technique to measure total hydrocarbons (THC, VOC, TOC). Polaris FID is a very handy instrument because it allows ...
Both EN 14078 and ASTM D7371 methods for measuring the percent biodiesel in diesel fuel use infrared analysis as the analytical method and are based around using an FTIR spectrometer which has the capability to do a multitude of analyses besides the biodiesel in diesel measurement. This is great for a laboratory where various biofuels measurements are required. However, if the only measurement ...
The InfraCal Soot Meter, from Wilks Enterprise, gives users an approved ASTM testing method for measuring the percent level of soot in diesel engine lubricating oils -- ASTM Method D7686-2011 entitled “Test Method for Field-Based Condition Monitoring of Soot in In-Service Lubricants Using a Fixed-Filter Infrared (IR) instrument.” While there is widespread disagreement on used-diesel ...
While there is widespread disagreement on used-diesel oil condemning limits, it is well known that excessive soot in the lube oil causes abnormal valve and injection-train wear. It can also increase exhaust emissions and clog filters. Typically, the suggested limit for soot is in the neighborhood of 3% but can go much higher. With the new ASTM Method D7686, truck, bus, ship, locomotive, and ...
Exergy–based methods are powerful tools for developing, evaluating and improving an energy conversion system. Conventional exergy–based analyses have limitations, which are significantly reduced by the so–called advanced analyses. The latter evaluate: (a) the interactions among components of the overall system, and (b) the real potential for improving a system component. The main objective of ...
If you need to verity how much biodiesel is in a diesel fuel, sending a sample off to a laboratory can take several days to get an answer. This can add unnecessary delays if a truck has just been loaded for a delivery, but must wait for the lab result. The best solution is to have an on-site test where the fuel is loaded or delivered. The two most widely used analytical methods for measuring the ...
POLLUTION S.r.l. manufactures POLARIS FID analyser, a cutting-edge technology for the measurement of total hydrocarbons in ambient air and stack emission monitoring in accordance with EN 13526 and EN 12619. This analyser is based on Flame Ionization Detection (FID), a reference method technique to measure total hydrocarbons (THC, VOC, TOC). Polaris FID is a very handy instrument because it allows ...
A huge number of wind generators are going to be connected with the existing network in the near future. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse various models of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) for the purpose of studying the impacts upon grid. This paper presents comparative study on grid connected WECS having two different wind turbine generator systems (WTGS): model 1 [WTGS having doubly ...
Brain drain is defined as the movements of highly skilled labour forces, the human capital, from a country to another due to different reasons. There are varied factors affecting elites' decision to stay and fight with the problems in their own country or fly to another country to have a prosperous future. The phenomenon is such a multifaceted issue that should be studied in an interdisciplinary ...
Improving power quality for sensitive load by a Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) in a distributed generation system is presented in this paper. The power balance of a UPQC, consisting of back-to-back connected series and shunt Active Filters (AF), is analysed. Based on the analysis a novel control scheme is established in a 2-phase Synchronous Rotating d-q Frame (SRF). In this control ...
